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Appl. Phys. Lett. ; 124 (12): 123101 (2024)
Investigating structural, optical, and electron-transport properties of lithium intercalated few-layer MoS2 films: Unraveling the influence of disorder
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Molybdenum disulfide is a promising candidate for various applications in electronics, optoelectronics, or alkali-ion batteries. The natural presence of the van der Waals gap allows intercalating alkali ions, such as lithium, into MoS2 films. Intercalation can modify the electronic structure as well as the electrical and optical properties. Here, we present a structural, optical, and electrical characterization of Li-intercalated few-layer MoS2 films. The intercalation was carried out by annealing MoS2 film in the presence of Li2S powder, serving as a lithium source. The initial MoS2 layers were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and by sulfurization of 1 nm thick Mo film (TAC). The presence of lithium was confirmed by synchrotron-based x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and optical absorption measurements confirmed semiconducting behavior for all samples. All samples exhibited the thermally activated dependence of the electrical resistance, R, typical for the Efros–Shklovskii variable range hopping in a disordered semiconductor, ln R(T) ∝ (TES/T)1/2, where kBTES is the hopping activation energy. The PLD-grown MoS2 samples exhibited a relatively mild initial disorder primarily caused by grain boundaries. Lithium intercalation led to an increase in disorder, evident in the increase in kBTES and a substantial rise in electrical resistance. The TAC-grown undoped MoS2 sample already exhibited significant resistance, and the impact of Li intercalation on resistance was minimal. This observation was attributed to the fact that the TAC-grown MoS2 samples exhibit a perturbed stoichiometry (the S:Mo ratio ∼ 2.20), causing strong disorder even before Li intercalation. The electron doping caused by lithium, if any, was completely obscured by the effect of disorder.
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our research
Microsyst Nanoeng 10, 28 (2024)
Combining thermal scanning probe lithography and dry etching for grayscale nanopattern amplification
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Grayscale structured surfaces with nanometer-scale features are used in a growing number of applications in optics and fluidics. Thermal scanning probe lithography achieves a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a vertical resolution below 1 nm, but its maximum depth in polymers is limited. Here, we present an innovative combination of nanowriting in thermal resist and plasma dry etching with substrate cooling, which achieves up to 10-fold amplification of polymer nanopatterns into SiO2 without proportionally increasing surface roughness. Sinusoidal nanopatterns in SiO2 with 400 nm pitch and 150 nm depth are fabricated free of shape distortion after dry etching. To exemplify the possible applications of the proposed method, grayscale dielectric nanostructures are used for scalable manufacturing through nanoimprint lithography and for strain nanoengineering of 2D materials. Such a method for aspect ratio amplification and smooth grayscale nanopatterning has the potential to find application in the fabrication of photonic and nanoelectronic devices.
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from our users
J. Phys. Mater. 7 025004 (2024)
Seeking borophene on Ni3Al(111): an experimental characterization of boron segregation and oxidation
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Synthesis of a stable, well ordered honeycomb borophene (hB) phase has been achieved to date by exploiting Al(111) as a growth substrate, which provides the necessary charge doping to compensate the high hexagonal-holes density. However, B/Al(111) is governed by a strong B–Al interaction so to yield the actual formation of an AlB2 hB phase. Dilution of aluminum by alloying could then in principle weaken the boron-support bonding. By means of a combined spectroscopy and microscopy experimental approach, we find instead that the growth of boron layers on the Ni3Al(111) alloy termination is driven by B dissolution into the bulk and surface segregation mechanisms. While no long-range ordered boron-induced phase is observed, locally ordered superstructural units with triangular appearance are stabilized by substrate pinning, following the chemical p(2 × 2) surface order. Oxidation involves both boron and aluminum, inducing surface segregation of B, while nickel remains in its metallic form.
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Deliverables view all
WP18 - JA8 - Bridging academic and industrial research
D18.4 - Mid term report on outreach, awareness and engagement to industrial community
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This report is a deliverable of Task 18.2 dedicated to the outreach to industrial community as part of WP18 “Bridging academic and industrial research”. This report proposes a follow up of the activities that have been carried out in the framework of WP from M19 to M36. It follows a marketing and dissemination campaign that has started in April 2022, just after the outreach strategy report (D18.2) have been issued at M13 and the publication of the first outreach report at M36. It also follows This report includes the main objectives of the outreach activities, the activities that have been implemented so far and some guidelines about how to improve the future campaign and foster innovation. It will cover the different topics: - THE CONTEXT, OBJECTIVES, CURRENT KPI AND THE ONGOING MARKETING STRATEGY - THE FOLLOW UP ABOUT MARKETING, OUTREACH AND DISSEMINATION - GOOD PRACTISES AND NEXT STEPS FOR UPGRADED OUTREACH CAMPAIGN
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WP9 - Virtual Access
D9.3 - Integration of the second set of the VA offer
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This deliverable presents the second set of Virtual Access (VA) services integrated into the NEP infrastructure. These online services, all running on a virtual machine (4 CPUs, 16 GB RAM, 50 GB SDD, OS: Debian 11, SSL via Apache reverse proxy) hosted by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), were developed within the Work Package (WP) 16 and were designed to improve the data FAIRness and to facilitate the user experience on (meta)data generation, postprocessing or exploration. The services are authenticated upon the NEP Single Sign-On (SSO) system via Keycloak [14]. The usage is monitored by aggregating the Units of Access (UoA), which are established to be every single action made by a logged-in user on one of the services, and monitored: whenever a loggedin user performs an action, the service backend sends a REST request to the NEP backend including the service ID and increases the usage counter by 1 UoA. No information about the users is handled or stored by the services. The Keycloak token, used by the Single Sign-On, is the only piece of information needed to grant access to the service. The document consists of three sections describing one VA service each. For completeness, each section explicitly mentions the corresponding WP16 task in which the service was framed and the deliverable in which it was described, if applicable.
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WP2 - MGT2 – Pilot scheme for the management of a distributed research infrastructure offering harmonised, interoperable and integrated services
D2.6 - Harmonised nano-safety procedures
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This report is a deliverable of Task 2.6 dedicated to the harmonisation of nanosafety procedures as part of WP2 “Pilot scheme for the management of a distributed research infrastructure offering harmonised, interoperable and integrated services”. The primary motivation within the context of NEP for the investigation of nanosafety procedures is the practical consideration that, when providing users with access to the facilities operated by the NEP beneficiaries, the staff of those beneficiaries routinely have to handle nanomaterials provided by the users. And while the users may have some information about the materials that they are providing, e.g., from their work on producing or modifying those materials, in many cases NEP is asked to perform the types of analytical measurements (e.g., of particle sizes, morphology, or composition) that ultimately can be part of the basis for evaluating the potential hazards posed by the (nano)material in question. In other words, until the measurements requested by the users have been performed via access provided by NEP, information about the (nano)materials being handled may be limited. The challenge of making decisions about the potential hazards posed by (nano)materials based on limited information, of course, is not unique to NEP but rather is encountered by other entities that routinely handle materials provided by third parties. This challenge is also related to the framework for evaluating the safety or potential hazards of nanomaterials that is under development in the European Union and worldwide, due to the proliferation of nanomaterials— both incidental and deliberately engineered—encountered in industry/commerce and environment. Accordingly, the work in this task focused on collecting information and analysing resources that have been created by previous and ongoing dedicated nanosafety efforts by expert communities (both from NEP beneficiaries and external entities), rather than independently developing nanosafety procedures. The results from this task are considered in the context of NEP and interactions with the expert community, with conclusions and recommendations provided in the final section of this report.
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Transnational Access Statistics
26 calls for access
888 proposals submitted
63% rate of acceptance
30% with Large Scale Facilities
12% with theory
12% with industry
~3 average users per proposal
63 countries applying
2689 lab sessions